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ECCouncil Certified Ethical Hacker Exam (CEHv13) Sample Questions (Q453-Q458):

NEW QUESTION # 453
A large corporate network is being subjected to repeated sniffing attacks. To increase security, the company's IT department decides to implement a combination of several security measures. They permanently add theMAC address of the gateway to the ARP cache, switch to using IPv6 instead of IPv4, implement the use of encrypted sessions such as SSH instead of Telnet, and use Secure File Transfer Protocol instead of FTP.
However, they are still faced with the threat of sniffing. Considering the countermeasures, what should be their next step to enhance network security?

A. Use HTTP instead of HTTPS for protecting usernames and passwords
B. Retrieve MAC addresses from the OS
C. Implement network scanning and monitoring tools
D. Enable network identification broadcasts

Answer: C

Explanation:
Sniffing attacks are a type of network attack that involves intercepting and analyzing data packets as they travel over a network. Sniffing attacks can be used to steal sensitive information, such as usernames, passwords, credit card numbers, etc. Sniffing attacks can also be used to perform reconnaissance, spoofing, or man-in-the-middle attacks.
The IT department of the company has implemented some security measures to prevent or mitigate sniffing attacks, such as:
Adding the MAC address of the gateway to the ARP cache: This prevents ARP spoofing, which is a technique that allows an attacker to redirect network traffic to their own device by sending fake ARP messages that associate their MAC address with the IP address of the gateway.
Switching to IPv6 instead of IPv4: This reduces the risk of IP spoofing, which is a technique that allows an attacker to send packets with a forged source IP address, pretending to be another device on the network.
Using encrypted sessions such as SSH instead of Telnet, and Secure File Transfer Protocol instead of FTP:
This protects the data from being read or modified by an attacker who can capture the packets, as the data is encrypted and authenticated using cryptographic protocols.
However, these measures are not enough to completely eliminate the threat of sniffing, as an attacker can still use other techniques, such as:
Passive sniffing: This involves monitoring the network traffic without injecting any packets or altering the data. Passive sniffing can be done on a shared network, such as a hub, or on a switched network, using techniques such as MAC flooding, port mirroring, or VLAN hopping.
Active sniffing: This involves injecting packets or modifying the data to manipulate the network behavior or gain access to more traffic. Active sniffing can be done using techniques such as DHCP spoofing, DNS poisoning, ICMP redirection, or TCP session hijacking.
Therefore, the next step to enhance network security is to implement network scanning and monitoring tools, which can help detect and prevent sniffing attacks by:
* Scanning the network for unauthorized devices, such as rogue access points, hubs, or sniffers, and removing them or isolating them from the network.
* Monitoring the network for abnormal traffic patterns, such as excessive ARP requests, DNS queries, ICMP messages, or TCP connections, and alerting the network administrators or blocking the suspicious sources.
* Analyzing the network traffic for malicious content, such as malware, phishing, or exfiltration, and filtering or quarantining the infected or compromised devices.
References:
CEHv12 Module 05: Sniffing
Sniffing attacks - Types, Examples & Preventing it
How to Prevent and Detect Packet Sniffing Attacks
Understanding Sniffing in Cybersecurity and How to Prevent It

NEW QUESTION # 454
You are a cybersecurlty consultant for a smart city project. The project involves deploying a vast network of loT devices for public utilities like traffic control, water supply, and power grid management The city administration is concerned about the possibility of a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack crippling these critical services. They have asked you for advice on how to prevent such an attack. What would be your primary recommendation?

A. Implement regular firmware updates for all loT devices.
B. A Deploy network intrusion detection systems (IDS) across the loT network.
C. Implement IP address whitelisting for all loT devices.
D. Establish strong, unique passwords for each loT device.

Answer: A

Explanation:
Implementing regular firmware updates for all IoT devices is the primary recommendation to prevent DDoS attacks on the smart city project. Firmware updates can fix security vulnerabilities, patch bugs, and improve performance of the IoT devices, making them less susceptible to malware infections and botnet recruitment12. Firmware updates can also enable new security features, such as encryption, authentication, and firewall, that can protect the IoT devices from unauthorized access and data theft3. Firmware updates should be done automatically or remotely, without requiring user intervention, to ensure timely and consistent security across the IoT network4.
The other options are not as effective or feasible as firmware updates for the following reasons:
* B. Deploying network intrusion detection systems (IDS) across the IoT network can help detect and alert DDoS attacks, but not prevent them. IDS can monitor network traffic and identify malicious patterns, such as high volume, spoofed IP addresses, or unusual protocols, that indicate a DDoS attack5.
However, IDS cannot block or mitigate the attack, and may even be overwhelmed by the flood of traffic, resulting in false positives or missed alerts. Moreover, deploying IDS across a vast network of IoT devices can be costly, complex, and resource-intensive, as it requires dedicated hardware, software, and personnel.
* C. Establishing strong, unique passwords for each IoT device can prevent unauthorized access and brute-force attacks, but not DDoS attacks. Passwords can protect the IoT devices from being compromised by hackers who try to guess or crack the default or weak credentials. However, passwords cannot prevent DDoS attacks that exploit known or unknown vulnerabilities in the IoT devices, such as buffer overflows, command injections, or protocol flaws. Moreover, establishing and managing strong, unique passwords for each IoT device can be challenging and impractical, as it requires user awareness, memory, and effort.
* D. Implementing IP address whitelisting for all IoT devices can restrict network access and communication to trusted sources, but not DDoS attacks. IP address whitelisting can filter out unwanted or malicious traffic by allowing only the predefined IP addresses to connect to the IoT devices.
However, IP address whitelisting cannot prevent DDoS attacks that use spoofed or legitimate IP addresses, such as reflection or amplification attacks, that bypass the whitelisting rules. Moreover, implementing IP address whitelisting for all IoT devices can be difficult and risky, as it requires constant updating, testing, and monitoring of the whitelist, and may block legitimate or emergency traffic by mistake.
References:
* 1: How to proactively protect IoT devices from DDoS attacks - Synopsys
* 2: IoT and DDoS: Cyberattacks on the Rise | A10 Networks
* 3: Detection and Prevention of DDoS Attacks on the IoT - MDPI
* 4: How to Secure IoT Devices: 5 Best Practices | IoT For All
* 5: Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) Part 1 - Network Security | Coursera
* : DDoS Attacks: Detection and Mitigation - Cisco
* : The Challenges of IoT Security - Infosec Resources
* : IoT Security: How to Protect Connected Devices and the IoT Ecosystem | Kaspersky
* : IoT Security: Common Vulnerabilities and Attacks | IoT For All
* : The Password Problem: How to Use Passwords Effectively in 2021 | Dashlane Blog
* : What is IP Whitelisting? | Cloudflare
* : DDoS Attacks: Types, Techniques, and Protection | Cloudflare
* : IP Whitelisting: Pros and Cons | Imperva

NEW QUESTION # 455
You have successfully comprised a server having an IP address of 10.10.0.5. You would like to enumerate all machines in the same network quickly.
What is the best Nmap command you will use?

A. nmap -T4 -O 10.10.0.0/24
B. nmap -T4 -q 10.10.0.0/24
C. nmap -T4 -r 10.10.1.0/24
D. nmap -T4 -F 10.10.0.0/24

Answer: D

Explanation:
https://nmap.org/book/man-port-specification.html
NOTE: In my opinion, this is an absolutely wrong statement of the question. But you may come across a question with a similar wording on the exam. What does "fast" mean? If we want to increase the speed and intensity of the scan we can select the mode using the -T flag (0/1/2/3/4/5). At high -T values, we will sacrifice stealth and gain speed, but we will not limit functionality.
- nmap -T4 -F 10.10.0.0/24
- This option is "correct" because of the -F flag.
-F (Fast (limited port) scan)
Specifies that you wish to scan fewer ports than the default. Normally Nmap scans the most common 1,000 ports for each scanned protocol. With -F, this is reduced to 100.
Technically, scanning will be faster, but just because we have reduced the number of ports by 10 times, we are just doing 10 times less work, not faster.

NEW QUESTION # 456
The following is an entry captured by a network IDS. You are assigned the task of analyzing this entry.
You notice the value 0x90, which is the most common NOOP instruction for the Intel processor.
You also notice "/bin/sh" in the ASCII part of the output.
As an analyst, what would you conclude about the attack?

A. The buffer overflow attack has been neutralized by the IDS
B. The attacker is attempting an exploit that launches a command-line shell
C. The attacker is attempting a buffer overflow attack and has succeeded
D. The attacker is creating a directory on the compromised machine

Answer: B

Explanation:
Key observations in the packet capture:
* Repeated 0x90 values indicate a NOP sled (No Operation instructions), commonly used in buffer overflow payloads to guide execution to the malicious shellcode.
* The presence of "/bin/sh" in ASCII indicates that the attacker intends to launch a shell (command-line access) on the victim's system once the overflow is successful.
* The payload likely contains shellcode that spawns a shell, giving the attacker command-line access.
From CEH v13 Official Courseware:
* Module 6: Malware Threats
* Module 9: Denial-of-Service
* Module 5: Vulnerability Analysis
CEH v13 Study Guide states:
"A buffer overflow exploit typically involves injecting a NOP sled followed by shellcode. The string '/bin/sh' is a tell-tale sign of shell-spawning code that aims to give the attacker command access." Incorrect Options:
* A: There's no evidence the IDS blocked the attack-only that it logged it.
* B: Creating a directory would not involve a NOP sled or spawn a shell.
* C: We cannot confirm success; only the intent and method are clear.
Reference:CEH v13 Study Guide - Module 6: Buffer Overflow AnalysisSnort IDS Rule Analysis # Buffer Overflow Patterns and Shellcode Detection

NEW QUESTION # 457
Peter, a Network Administrator, has come to you looking for advice on a tool that would help him perform SNMP enquires over the network.
Which of these tools would do the SNMP enumeration he is looking for? Select the best answers.

A. Solarwinds IP Network Browser
B. SNMPScan
C. SNMPUtil
D. NMap
E. SNScan

Answer: A,C,E

NEW QUESTION # 458
......

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